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The feeling of fluency during learning is a trap — it signals familiarity, not understanding. The conditions that make learning feel easy (massed practice, re-reading, matched formats) produce the illusion of competence while the conditions that make it feel hard (spacing, testing, interleaving) produce durable knowledge. This means human intuition about effective learning is systematically wrong, which is why students prefer the methods that work least and avoid the ones that work best.
